After more
than twenty years the historical Campagnola is back.
Italy’s best loved Fiat vehicle was originally produced
in different versions from 1951 to 1987.
The new
Campagnola is part of the Iveco brand and is derived from
Massif, the 4x4 off-road vehicle launched last March. Iveco
is one of the few global manufacturers to offer a complete
range of all-wheel-drive vehicles and with Massif the
company has entered a completely new sector of professional
transport for the first time offering two light off-road
vehicles. Iveco Campagnola extends the range with a model
specifically for passenger transport, without sacrificing
the authentic off-road features behind the success of its
ancestor: separate chassis, all-wheel-drive, high mobility
and exceptional off-road capability. In addition to offering
the qualities of comfort and driveability demanded by a
modern off-road vehicle.
THE MODEL IN
BRIEF
Heir to the Fiat
tradition in this sector, the new Campagnola is a special
numbered version of the Iveco Massif conceived for
professional off-road use. As a people carrier, the
Campagnola uses the original form of the sporty off-road
vehicle, reinventing the authentic spirit of the 4x4 with a
modern twist. Its appearance, designed by Giugiaro and the
Fiat Centro Stile is very endearing and makes it
particularly attractive its front reflecting the family
style of Iveco vehicles with its charachteristic radiator
grille.
Available only
with 3 doors and 4 seats, Campagnola has a wheelbase of
2452mm, is 4248 mm long, 1750mm wide and 2050mm high. It is
equipped with the Daily 3 litre Euro 4 HPT 4-cylinder
16-valve turbodiesel range recognized as the best engine in
its class. With its Variable Geometry Turbocharger, it
delivers 176hp (129.5kw) at 3,200-3,500 rpm and a maximum
torque of 400 Nm at 1,250-3000 rpm. It is combined with
6-speed FPT 2840 transmission.
Available in two
historical colours, sage green and ivory with echoes of the
past, Campagnola offers equipment and features more often
found in ordinary cars than off-road vehicles. The interior
has plenty to offer, with electric front windows, leather
upholstery even for the steering wheel and transmission
controls, climate control, radio/CD player with 4 speakers
and optional GPS system. Outside the Campagnola “Opening
Edition” nameplate displays on both sides the vehicle’s logo
and number indicating a limited production series. The wheel
rims and the bodywork are in matching colours while the
bumper and mudguards are finished in matt. Campagnola is
equipped with a engageable rear differential lock, ABS,
Immobilizer and anti-theft device.
HEIR TO THE FIAT
OFF-ROAD TRADITION
With this
vehicle Iveco puts an era-defining means of transport back
on the road: “the go-anywhere vehicle that doesn’t need a
road” as an advertising slogan put it in 1951, the year the
Fiat Campagnola was launched. The memory of the legendary
light military vehicles used during the second world war
still fresh in the memory: the Willys proved themselves an
ideal means of support and reconnaissance. Inspired by this
formula, the Italian government ran a competition for
special-use vehicles. The history of Campagnola, an icon of
Fiat off-road vehicles, is linked, in post-war Italy with
that of its ‘twin’ Alfa Romeo. Fiat and Alfa separately
designed two analogous models, named in military terms AR 51
(the abbreviation is short for ‘Autoveicoli da Ricognizione’
and the number a reference to its year of introduction of
1951) both with 1900 cm3 engines. For civilian use, Fiat
chose the less aggressive name of Campagnola and its
Milanese ‘rival’ was called Matta (like the joker in a pack
of cards). Only the Campagnola met with extraordinary
success, while the Alfa 4x4 was produced up to 1955 with
only 2059 units produced. The decisive factor in determining
the preference for the Fiat model was its price, the Alfa
featured much more expensive technology, inaccessible to
public bodies.
The Campagnola
D, designed by Dante Giacosa and constructed according to
the Willys mould, debuted at the Fiera del Levante show in
Bari in 1951 at a price of 1,600,000 lire. It had a front
mounted engine, 4 driven wheels with disengagable front
driven wheels and a transfer box. In November 1951 it
crossed Africa from Cape Town to Algiers in 11 days, 4 hours
and 54 minutes, overcoming every possible adversity and
establishing the world record. The Campagnola, with petrol
engine rated at 53hp at 5,300 rpm, 4 speed and reverse
transmission, (II, III and IV synchronized), lockable rear
differential, central gearshift lever and top speed of
100km/h. with a gradeability of 90% (in first gear) and
consumed an average of 12.1 litres per 100km. The body was
3.64m long and 1.48 wide and weighed 1,250kg. The front
suspension was independent with wishbones, helical springs,
hydraulic dampers and stabilizing bar. In short, the best
available at that time. The rear suspension was by leaf
springs with a rigid axle and hydraulic dampers. The AR 51
military version was also adopted by the Carabinieri.
1953 saw the
appearance of the 40hp 3200 rpm diesel version (still 1.9)
offering 85km/h at a price of 1,792,000 lire. In 1955 came
the Campagnola A (AR 55) with more powerful 63hp (116 km/h)
petrol engine and 43hp diesel model, in 1960 the Campagnola
B with 47hp diesel engine, reaching 95 km/h. The Fiat
off-road was able to carry 6 people with more than 60kg of
luggage, or one person with 410kg of luggage. 1968 was the
turn of the C Diesel: a 1895cc, 47 hp engine developing at
3,800 rpm, 96 km/h. The production of the first Campagnola
ceased in 1973, following the production of 39,086 models,
of which 7,783 models were diesel.
The summer 1974
saw the debut of the new Campagnola, manufactured until
1979. Much more technically advanced it was also a much more
comfortable model: it could transport up to 7 people. It was
launched at the Belgrade Show and retained only the name of
its predecessor. It was a modern vehicle with engines
already proven on the Fiat 132, independent four wheel
suspension and automotive bodywork. Optional features
included locking differentials on both axles and improved
tyres, dual-joint front driveshafts rear seats and a
ventilation system. The engine had 4 cylinders inline of
1,995 cm3 swept volume rated at 80hp at 4,600rpm, 4 speed
and reverse transmission, (fully synchronized), central
gearshift lever and a top speed of 115 km/h. <0The new
Campagnola was 3.77m long and 1.58 wide and weighed 1,570kg
when empty. It had a selling prico of 4,076,000 lire. The
‘Torpedo Corta’ version features roof and sides in removable
fabric. In 1976 the ‘Lunga’ (with an increased rear of 25cm
overhang) and ‘Hardtop’ (with completely metallic bodywork)
versions were introduced.
In autumn 1979
Fiat replaced the engine of the new Campagnola with a new
diesel engine more suited for off-road use: the 2-litre
SOFIM provided 60hp at 4,200 rpm and guaranteed a top speed
of 120km/h. There have been numerous enhancements to its
bodywork and interior. The list price ranged from 14,018,000
to 15,198,000 lire according to the version. Production of
Campagnola ceased in 1987.
The Campagnola
held particular significance for post-war Italy and during
the reconstruction of the 1950s. It was a means of transport
that defined an era in a country still lacking an adequate
road infrastructure and is still alive in the memories of
Italians. Used by the Carabinieri, the Italian army and the
Civil Defence Corps and also became famous as the
Popemobile, the white livery model featuring the Vatican
insignia. The one used by Benedict XVI for his first
official outing in the crowds of the Piazza San Pietro is
the same one that was donated to John Paul II on the
occasion of his visit to Turin in 1980 and accompanied the
public appearances of Karol Wojtyla who introduced - also
thanks to this vehicle – a new way of communicating with
people. Also in white, but with the UN logo, the Campagnola
has participated on numerous international peace missions
throughout the continents.
DATES FOR THE
FIAT CAMPAGNOLA
Created in 1951.
September 1951: debut at Bari’s Fiera del Levante show.
Dec. 1951 – Jan 1952: record vertical crossing of Africa.
1951: the AR military model created the 51 – Autovettura
Ricognizione 1951.
1953: launch of the diesel version.
1974: the new Campagnola debut.
1976: appearance of the “Lunga” and “Hardtop” versions.
1979: 2 litre 60hp diesel engine version.
1987: Campagnola production ceases.
CAMPAGNOLA
TECHNOLOGY
Campagnola has
adopted the Massif off-road cutting-edge technology, with a
strong impression that sets it apart from the Sports Utility
Vehicle used mainly on metalled roads. A return to the
origins of 4x4 that makes compromising between road and
off-road vehicles a thing of the past. Like Massif, the new
Campagnola is suitable for all terrains, capable of offering
specific optimal performance and tackling extreme off-road
routes with confidence. The gradeability at full-load is
100%, with an approach angle of 50°, a departure angle of
34° and a ramp angle of 33°. The standard fording depth is
500m, the all-wheel-drive is disengageable – with traction
on the rear axle – to ensure considerably reduced fuel
consumption.
The transmission
The 6-speed FPT
2840 with overdrive is linked to the transfer case allowing
a choice of 4x2 or 4x4 traction. It has 12 forward gears and
2 in reverse. The excellent combination of components takes
its inspiration from the Daily range, the transfer box is
linked to the front and rear axles via the transmission
shafts. This provides a drive ratio of approximately 1:1 and
the engagement of all-wheel-drive is selectable when the
vehicle is in high range. In low range only all-wheel-drive
is available. The parking brake is mounted on the rear axle
output flange of the transfer box, resulting in a more
powerful braking torque since it is multiplied by the drive
axle ratio. This is an extremely important feature because
it means that the vehicle can be held by its parking brake
in all the impressive gradients it can climb.
FPT 2840 |
Gear 1 |
Gear 2 |
Gear 3 |
Gear 4 |
Gear 5 |
Gear 6 |
Reverse |
Transmission ratios |
5.373:1 |
3.154:1 |
2.041:1 |
1.365:1 |
1.000:1 |
0.791:1 |
4.838:1 |
Transfer case |
High |
Low |
Transfer case |
1.003:1 |
2.300:1 |
Suspension
The separate
chassis with axles mounted on parabolic leaf springs is a
no-compromise choice: the separate chassis ensures the high
structural stresses of off-road use avoid being transmitted
to the body structure, preserving longevity. The leaf
springs provide axle location and body suspension without
the need for extra drive- or braking-force reaction members
or axle location links to the vehicle chassis. The parabolic
leaf springs serve a double role of suspension of the
chassis and axle location. The suspension layout facilitates
the reactions to the drive and braking torque without the
need for additional links or forks: a definite advantage
for off-road vehicles. The front axle is equipped with
double-acting hydraulic dampers, the rear axle with double
acting gas dampers. The system is completed by front and
rear antiroll stabilizing bars. The maximum load of the
front and rear axle is respectively 1175kg and 1750kg with
the maximum vehicle load of 2650kg.
The braking
system
The braking
system incorporates a double hydraulic circuit with a vacuum
servo-assistance circuit which actuates the disc brakes all
round, ventilated on the front axle. The parking brake is a
cable-actuated drum brake, mounted on the transfer box for
improved braking torque with a multiplication factor
matching the drive axle ratio.
State-of-the-art
engine
The heart of the
Campagnola is its 3 litre HPT engine originating from the
Daily range, a 4-cylinder 16-valve turbocharged diesel
engine with technologically advanced common rail fuel
injection system offering superb performance and consistent
fuel economy. The engine is certified according to Euro 4
emission standards, using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) to
reduce production of nitrogen oxide and an oxidizing
catalyst. With its variable geometry turbocharger, the
engine delivers 176hp at 3,200-3,500 rpm and a maximum
torque of 400 Nm at 1250-3000 rpm. It is a power unit unique
in its category.
BRAND VALUES
Campagnola is
designed to reflect the fundamental values of Iveco
excellence: determination, reliability, performance and team
spirit. These values are shared by the New Zealand rugby
squad, the All Blacks, that have won more matches than any
other team in history. The same team spirit serves as
inspiration for Massif and Campagnola: it means working
alongside clients for the entire vehicle’s life, starting
with the product development phase, through work of
specialist engineers and Iveco R&D centres which involve
clients from the planning stage and then during the
purchase, with the help of professionals ready to offer
technical assistance and financial solutions to cater for
every necessity. The same high service is offered to clients
during vehicle activity, with a call centre open 7 days a
week, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and a efficient and
widespread network (more than 4,600 specialist centres in
100 countries).
Iveco – the
complete range of all-wheel-drive vehicles
The Iveco
Campagnola is one of the Massif passenger-carrying models,
forming part of a small but important niche in the market
for all-wheel-drive work vehicles. Massif is produced with
conjunction with the Spanish manufacturer Santana, whose
original vehicle has been completely redesigned by Iveco
experts with considerable use of technology and solutions
derived from the Daily. The fruit of this profound
re-engineering is a vehicle suitable for genuine ‘off-road
truck’ missions. Iveco’s authority in the 4x4 sector extends
to the entire range of commercial vehicles, from light to
heavy models – Daily, Eurocargo and Trakker, not to mention
the Iveco Astra range and the advanced technology products
developed by the Iveco defence division – providing an
appropriate response to all types of mission and all work
conditions. These all-wheel-drive vehicles are remarkably
sturdy, ideal to transport people and equipment wherever
they are needed, often in emergency conditions. The
reliability of these vehicles is second to none in extreme
as well as normal conditions. The numerous demands of the
off-road have no negative impact on driver comfort which
remains as enjoyable as it would imagine to be.
Front and rear
drive axles
Drive axles are
positioned at the front and rear of the vehicle with a final
drive ratio of 3,909:1. The final drive gearing used on the
front axle is helicoidal while that on the rear axle is a
hypoid gear set to provide improved ground clearance for the
centrally-mounted differential housing.
Wheels and tyres
235/85R16 tyres
suitable for all surfaces are included in the base vehicle
specification with the choice of specific off-road tyres
mountable on the standard steel rims or on optional
aluminium rims.
Technical
specifications
Model |
Campagnola |
Version |
3-door SW |
Wheelbase (mm) |
2452 |
Overall length (mm) |
4248 |
Overall width (mm) |
1750 |
Overall height (mm) |
2050 |
Approach angle |
50° |
Ramp angle |
33° |
Departure angle |
34° |
Gradeability |
100% |
Side slope |
40° |
Fording depth (mm) |
500 |
Maximum mass (kg) |
2650 |
Tare (kg) |
2110 |
Gross vehicle mass (kg) |
5650 |
Engine
characteristics
Model |
3.0 HPT |
Rated power (kw / hp) |
130 / 176 |
Engine speed at max. power (rpm) |
3200 – 3500 |
Max. torque (Nm) |
400 |
Engine speed at max. torque (rpm) |
1250 - 3000 |
CO2 emissions (g/km) |
294 |
Fuel consumption (l/km) |
11,1/100 |
|