For the Alfa Romeo
centenary, the city of Milan will pay homage to the
historic car manufacturer by staging four days of events
from 24 to 27 June involving the City Council, Fiera
Milano Expo, the Monza Race Track and the Alfa Romeo
Museum. The interesting programme was organised by the
Italian Alfa Romeo Register (RIAR) and MAC Group,
consolidated Fiat Group Automobiles partner for
historical heritage projects, and is sponsored by Alfa
Romeo.
An extraordinary
appointment for motor enthusiasts and “Alfisti”
worldwide: collectors, club members and current model
owners. More or less 3,000 Alfa Romeo cars are expected
from 45 countries.
The schedule of the
events and a brief overview of Alfa Romeo's one century
long history, which started on 24 June 1910 in Milan,
follow. The 100th anniversary is a prestigious
achievement shared by a very small number of other auto
makers, peppered with commercial successes and racing
wins acquired worldwide. Celebrating Alfa Romeo's
centenary means leafing through some of the most
important pages in automotive history in terms of design
and innovation. Indeed, Alfa Romeo has always stood out
for its fascinating style capable of transmitting strong
emotions and for state-of-the-art technology, as well as
top-level handling and driving pleasure.
Schedule of the events
Some activities will
take place on 24 June, the day when Alfa Romeo was
founded, before the main events which will be held
during the weekend. Thursday morning will be kicked off
by the presentation press conference in the spectacular
setting of Palazzo Marino, historic seat of the Milan
city authorities. Open sessions will be held in the
afternoon from 1 to 6 o'clock at the Monza Race Track
(contact the RIAR secretary office for bookings).
On 24 and 25 June the
Alfa Romeo Museum in Arese will be open from nine in the
morning to midnight and guided visits in several
languages will be organised: what better way to learn
more about scores of Alfa Romeo models up front. From 24
to 27 June, classic models will be displayed alongside
the brand-new Alfa Romeo Giulietta in some of the most
beautiful and important squares of Milan. Last but not
least, Poste Italiane will be attending and present a
special stamp cancellation specially created to
celebrate the centenary. The key event of the calendar
will be the international rally dedicated to all Alfa
Romeo enthusiasts on Saturday 26 and Sunday 27.
Thousands of crews have registered and will be parading
through the centre of Milan on the afternoon of 26 June.
All cars will meet up on Saturday morning at Fiera
Milano (Rho) where the exhibition "Fiera Milano e Alfa
Romeo: frammenti d'insieme" (Fiera Milano and Alfa
Romeo: parts of a whole) can be seen. From here, the
enrolled Alfa Romeos will set off in procession to the
centre of Milan, final destination: the Sforzesco
Castle, where the most significant models of the brand's
one-hundred year history will take to the catwalk.
A statue donated by
RIAR (an association which brings together more than
1500 vintage Alfa owners) and by many enthusiasts
worldwide will be presented in front of the south gate
of Fiera Milano Expo in a ceremony a few hours before
the parade. Inspired by the famous Alfa Romeo 1900 Disco
Volante (Flying Saucer), the work was designed by the
Centro Stile Alfa Romeo with the collaboration of artist
Agostino Bonalumi.
The first day of the
international rally will end in the evening near
Sempione Park with a dinner together in the many city
centre venues before a firework display. The
record-breaking exhibition on the morning of Sunday 27
June will certainly be even more exciting, when all the
enrolled crews will form a massive line of Alfa Romeos,
all bearing the characteristic "Biscione" emblem on the
roof. They will parade along the inner lane of the Milan
ring road and be filmed from a helicopter. Alfa Romeo
will symbolically embrace the city where it was born.
Finally, all
enthusiasts can complete this exciting experience by
visiting the “100X100 Alfa” exhibition at Parco
Esposizioni Novegro (Milan) from 19 to 27 June. Hundreds
of cars, wins and successes will be displayed, model
after model, to celebrate the history of Alfa Romeo: not
only one-off models designed for performance and races
but also many standard production cars that conquered
the collective imagination and transported generations
of Italians. The exhibition is organised by C.M.A.E.,
the Milan Classic Car & Motorbike Club, with the
collaboration of A.S.I., Italian Classic Car &
Motorcycle Club, and Alfa BlueTeam.
1910 – 2010: Alfa
Romeo celebrates a century of wins and world records
Alfa Romeo was
officially established in Milan on 24 June 1910. That
year, a group of entrepreneurs and businessmen acquired
Società Italiana Automobili Darracq, the Italian branch
of the French car maker, and its Portello workshops on
the city outskirts, and established A.L.F.A. (Anonima
Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili – “Lombard Automobile
Factory, Public Company”). The emblem underlined the new
company's ties to the city of Milan: a red cross from
the city's banner and the Visconti family "grass snake"
("Biscione" in Italian). The first car to sport it was
the “24 HP”, a model that stood out from the very
beginning for its mechanics, performance and driving
pleasure - features which will become by-words for the
brand.
The outbreak of World
War I and limited resources created trouble for the
company, which was acquired on 2 December 1915 by
Neapolitan engineer and entrepreneur Nicola Romeo. The
name was changed to “Alfa-Romeo”. The Portello plant,
with a workforce of 2500 workers, was expanded and
converted to war production. The plant made engine
compressors, ammunition, aircraft engines and - starting
in 1917 - trains. The company went back to making cars
at the end of the war.
Alfa Romeo made a
first important leap forward winning Targa Florio in
1923 (the brand's first of ten wins) with the “RL TF”,
which was also the first appearance of the four-leaf
clover (“quadrifoglio” in Italian) racing emblem, and
then in 1925 with the “P2 Gran Premio”, that won the
first Automobile World Championship in history, the
first of Alfa Romeo's five victories. In the meantime,
Romeo replaced Alfa Chief Engineer Giuseppe Merosi, who
had created the first models and joined the company back
in 1910, with Vittorio Jano, technical creator of the
great Alfas of the 1930s. His debut model was the “P2”,
which was followed by the “6C 1500” (1928), “6C 1750”
(1930), “8C 2300” (1931) and the “Gran Premio Tipo B-P3”
(1932), all models which greatly contributed to
increasing the “Quadrifoglio” prize record and elevated
the technical prestige of cars made at the Portello
plant. Jano was responsible for the legendary "8C" eight
cylinder in-line engine with supercharger.
The 1930s were the
years in which the Alfa Romeo legend took shape. Engine
reliability was undisputed and the names of valorous
drivers - Antonio Ascari, Gastone Brilli Peri, Giuseppe
Campari, Enzo Ferrari, Tazio Nuvolari, Achille Varzi -
were on everybody's lips. They won many legendary races:
Mille Miglia (11 wins, an undefeated record), Le Mans 24
Hours (four consecutive editions), Targa Florio, and a
very long list of international Grand Prix. In addition,
the valuable indications arising from racing were
transferred to standard production models.
The worldwide
recession that followed the Wall Street Crash of 1929
had repercussions on Alfa's expansion: the company was
taken over in 1933 by IRI (Istituto per la Ricostruzione
Industriale - Industrial Reconstruction Institute). Ugo
Gobbato was appointed Managing Director. He rationalised
and reorganised production focusing on the core business
of aircraft engines, industrial vehicles and touring and
racing cars. The company left the world of racing in the
year and its “8C2300B” cars were given to Scuderia
Ferrari. Results were brilliant: Alfa won more races
than any other manufacturer in 1934, and racing even
outshone standard production in 1936. Aeronautic
production reached nearly 80 percent of the entire
yearly revenue. New orders came in, also from abroad,
and a new plant was opened in Pomigliano d'Arco (Naples)
at the end of the decade.
The outbreak of World
War II on 10 June 1940 unsettled the company's ambitious
plans. As most Italian industries, Alfa converted to war
production and its plants were bombed by the Allies (the
Portello plant ceased operations all together following
the damage it received on 20 October 1944). Work resumed
the following April after the peace treaty was signed
but the workshops had been damaged and there were no
components for making aircraft engines, coaches or cars.
So the eight thousand workers of the Portello plant made
electric cooking ranges, metallic furniture, doors,
windows and shutters - in other words, the objects
needed to rebuild a country.
Auto building was
resumed only in 1946. Pre-war 6C 2500s rolled out of the
factory and 158s salvaged from the debris raced on
tracks. New versions (Freccia d'oro and Villa d'Este),
fitting an innovative steering wheel mounted gear shift,
soon arrived. The 1900, the first Alfa with monocoque
body shell, was designed by Orazio Satta Puliga (who had
joined the company in 1938) in 1950, and the first
assembly chain was opened at the Portello plant. Racing
wins multiplied. The supremacy of the Alfa 158 in Grand
Prix was absolute and Nino Farina won the Formula 1
World Championship in 1950. In the following year was
legendary Juan Manuel Fangio's turn: he won the second
Championship behind the wheel of an Alfa Romeo 159
fitted with the most powerful 1500 engine ever made
delivering 425 HP at over 300 km/h. Straight afterwards,
Alfa decided to retire from Grand Prix competitions but
kept on competing in the Sport category with the “1900
Disco Volante”, a flying-saucer shaped car capable of
reaching a top speed of 225 km/h. In the meanwhile, the
company concentrated on the production of standard cars,
industrial vehicles, aircraft and naval engines, and
diesel engines for industrial applications. Following
the IRI reorganisation in 1948, Alfa passed into the
Finmeccanica sub-holding.
“Giulietta Sprint” was
introduced in 1954. This car - along with the “Spider”
(1955) and the “berlina” (1955) - would be crucial, and
not only for the history of Alfa: it established new
parameters (this was the first standard car with a
two-shaft engine entirely made of aluminium) and
embodied Italy's willingness to emerge from the dark
years of the war. Furthermore, it consolidated Alfa
Romeo's vocation as "major auto maker". The 1960s
started with the success of the “Giulia” (1962), which
developed the philosophy of the earlier “Giulietta” with
new proportions, forcing Alfa Romeo to expand the shop
floor and open a new plant in Arese near Milan. At the
end of its long, honoured career, “Giulia” and its
spinoffs - the “Giulia Sprint GT” (1964), the “1600
Spider Duetto” (1966) and the “1750” in saloon, coupé
and spider versions - reached the outstanding goal of
one million units made. Racing activities continued
throughout the decade. The Autodelta racing team was
established and Alfa Romeo won on tracks worldwide with
the “Giulia TZ” (1963), “TZ 2” (1965), “Giulia GTA”
(1965) and “33” (from ’69 to ’71).
The 1960s were florid
years for the company: cars were sold worldwide and ties
with the United States market - still particularly
lively today - were consolidated. As a result of the
forward-thinking managerial skills of Giuseppe Luraghi,
CEO until 1974, and the remarkable engineering skills of
Orazio Satta Puliga, Alfa Chief Engineer, who created
all the models up to the "Alfetta", Alfa Romeo reached
the peak of its development. The Portello plant, by now
incorporated in the spreading city of Milan, was
insufficient. Production was gradually transferred to
the new plant (with an area of over two million and a
half square metres) which was opened in Arese and a
prototype test track was opened in Balocco (Vercelli).
Following the high
increase in demand, Alfa Romeo planned the opening of a
new plant in Pomigliano d'Arco (Naples): the foundation
stone was laid on 29 April 1968. Engineer Rudolf Hruska
was called to design a new car: the "Alfasud", a compact
entry-level car equipped with a number of sophisticated
mechanical solutions (flat-4 “boxer” overhanging front
engine), was introduced in 1971. Production of the
”Alfetta” started in Arese the following year. This
sporty saloon with sophisticated mechanics (longitudinal
front engine, rear wheel drive, “De Dion” rear axle and
transaxle) was leader in its segment for many years: the
"Alfetta GT” (1974), followed by the lower segment “New
Giulietta” (1977) saloon, were the backbone of
production at the Arese plant. In the meantime Alfa
Romeo took two World Championship titles: in 1975 with
the 33 TT 12 (Manufacturers Championship), and in 1977
with the 33 SC 12 (Prototype Championship).
Troubles deriving from
the social unrest of the seventies were felt across
Italy and in Alfa Romeo. Despite this, the company
pulled ahead preparing models and strategies for the
forthcoming decade: the "Alfa 33”, replaced the
"Alfasud” in 1983, the remarkable “Alfetta” was replaced
by the "Alfa 90” (1984) and the "Alfa 75” (1985), the
last of the “Alfetta” family, was introduced to
celebrate the brand's 75th anniversary.
The company changed
hands again in 1986, for the third time in its history.
Fiat Group acquired Alfa Romeo, at that time producing
the brand-new top-range saloon “164” (1987). The car's
success would revive Alfa Romeo and the Arese plant.
1992 was the year of the “155”, remarkably successful in
races. The “145” was introduced to replace the “33” in
1994 and the sporty “GTV” and “Spider” were launched the
following year. The model of the 1990s revival was the
“156” (1997). The sporty hatchback is the result of a
new style and top-notch technical contents (like high
double-wishbone front suspensions and common-rail diesel
engine): it was sensationally successful on the market -
awarded “Car of the Year” in 1998 - and on international
race tracks taking many wins in the Touring category.
The “166” replaced the “164” in 1998, and in 2000 “147”
(also “Car of the Year”) replaced the “145” and was even
more successful than its "big sister" the “156”, that in
the meantime had complemented the range: the “GT”, a
four-seat coupe, with a style concept reminiscent of the
“Giulietta Sprint”, was introduced in the Autumn of
2003. In the “159” replaced the “156” in 2005, evolving
its style and implementing new proportions, engine
versions and body configurations: the "Brera” coupe was
introduced in the same year, followed by the new
“Spider” in 2006.
Again in 2006, Alfa
Romeo introduced the long-awaited “8C Competizione”, a
very high performance coupe with a remarkable design
that made it an “instant classic”. With only 500 units
made, this supercar was for collectors and a handful of
lucky owners. It was joined by the “8C Spider” in 2008,
which maintained the same mechanical features and
performance as the coupe. The Alfa Romeo MiTo, a compact
car with a sporty look, for young motorists and everyone
who want a distinctive, performing car, was introduced
the same year.
Now is the turn of the
brand-new “Giulietta” with the aim of reviving the brand
in one of the most important segments in Europe. In the
centenary year, the name is a tribute to an automotive
legend which was key in the history of Alfa Romeo: the
Giulietta is a car that, in the fifties, caught the
imagination of generations of car enthusiasts, making
the dream of owning an Alfa Romeo and enjoying the high
level of comfort and technical excellence accessible for
the first time. The Alfa Romeo Style Centre has designed
the new Giulietta, a five-door hatchback with an
unmistakable Alfa Romeo look, capable of expressing both
great agility on the most demanding routes and providing
comfort on everyday roads. This is the merit of the new
"Compact" architecture. Using sophisticated suspension
technical solutions, a dual pinion active steering,
top-quality materials and state-of-the-art manufacturing
technologies, the Giulietta achieves excellent levels of
on-board comfort, dynamic features and safety (both
active and passive).
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