With its world debut in
Geneva now a matter of half a day away Lamborghini has
officially announced full details of the new Aventador
LP700-4 which will open a new chapter in its history of
building supercars when the 255,000 euro (excluding
taxes) machine arrives in the showrooms in the late
summer.
The Aventador LP700-4
replaces the decade-old Murciélago, the first car to be
built under the brand's ownership by Audi. Under the
skin the supercar is all-new with a new monocoque, V12
engine and drivetrain while above the surface the design
is more evolutionary, drawing language from both
historic and recent models.
The Aventador LP 700-4 is based on a monocoque made from
carbon-fibre that combines lightweight engineering with
the high levels of stiffness and safety. The new
twelve-cylinder engine with 6.5 liters’ displacement and
515 kW / 700 hp brings together high-revving pleasure
with low-end torque. Thanks to a dry weight of 1,575
kilograms (3,472 lb), which is low for this class of
vehicle, the weight-to-power ratio stands at only 2.25
kilograms per hp (4.96 lb/hp). That means the 0-100 km/h
(0-62 mph) acceleration figure is 2.9 seconds and the
top speed is 350 km/h (217 mph) while fuel consumption
and CO2 emissions are down by around 20 percent compared
with its predecessor, despite the increase in power
(+8%).
The ISR transmission is unique among road-going
vehicles, guaranteeing the fastest shifting time (only
50 milliseconds) and a better shift feel, while the
lightweight chassis with pushrod suspension aims to
deliver handling precision and competition-level
performance. The interior offers hi-tech features
ranging from the TFT cockpit display with Drive Select
Mode system. The Aventador will be built in an all-new
production facility in Sant’Agata Bolognese.
“With the Aventador LP 700-4, the future of the super
sports car is now part of the present. Its exceptional
package of innovative technologies is unique, its
performance simply overwhelming,” says Stephan
Winkelmann, President and CEO of Automobili Lamborghini.
“The Aventador is a jump of two generations in terms of
design and technology, it’s the result of an entirely
new project, but at the same time it’s a direct and
consistent continuation of Lamborghini’s brand values.
It is extreme in its design and its performance,
uncompromising in its standards and technology, and
unmistakably Italian in its style and perfection.
Overall, the dynamics and technical excellence of the
Aventador LP 700-4 makes it unrivalled in the worldwide
super sports car arena.”
Aventador: the name of one of the most courageous of
all bulls
According to its tradition, Lamborghini’s new flagship
bears the name of a bull – naturally, a particularly
courageous specimen from the world of the Spanish
Corrida. Aventador was the name of a bull that entered
into battle in October 1993 at the Saragossa Arena,
earning the “Trofeo de la Peña La Madroñera” for its
outstanding courage.
The doors open upward
The proportions come from an overall length of 4,78
meters (188.19 in.) matched with a width of 2,26 meters
(88.98 in.) including the exterior mirrors, and a low
height of 1.136 mm (44.72 in.). It goes without saying
that both doors of the carbon-fiber monocoque open
upward – a feature that was first introduced in the now
legendary Countach and then used for subsequent V12
models such as Diablo and Murciélago. However, the
Aventador also evokes its immediate predecessor the
Murciélago – electronically managed air intakes open
depending on the outdoor temperature and the need for
cooling air, ensuring aerodynamic efficiency. And for
those whishing to flaunt the heart of their Lamborghini,
the optional transparent engine bonnet exhibits the
twelve-cylinder engine.
Exclusive and high-tech interior
The Aventador’s spacious interior combines the fine
exclusivity of premium materials and Italian
craftsmanship with state-of-the-art technology and
generous equipment. The red switch cover on the broad
center tunnel encloses the start button. The interior is
dominated by the dashboard – as in a modern airplane,
the instruments are presented on a TFT-LCD screen using
innovative display concepts. A second screen is
dedicated to the standard-fit multimedia and navigation
system.
Carbon-fiber monocoque
The new Lamborghini flagship has a full monocoque. The
entire occupant cell, with tub and roof, is one single
physical component. This ensures extreme rigidity and
thus outstanding driving precision, as well as an
extremely high level of passive safety for the driver
and his passenger. The entire monocoque weighs only
147.5 kilograms (325.18 lb). The monocoque, together
with the front and rear Aluminium frames, features an
impressive combination of extreme torsional stiffness of
35,000 Newton meters per degree and weighs only 229.5
kilograms (505.9 lb).
Maximum revs, amazing sound
For the Aventador LP 700-4, the engineers in
Lamborghini’s R&D Department have developed a completely
new high-performance power unit – an extremely powerful
and high-revving, but very compact power unit. At 235
kilograms (518 lb), it is also extremely lightweight. A
V12 with 515 kW (700 hp) at 8,250 rpm sets a whole new
benchmark, even in the world of super sports cars. The
maximum torque output is 690 Newton meters (509 lb-ft)
at 5,500 rpm. The extremely well-rounded torque curve,
the bull-like pulling power in every situation, the
spontaneous responsiveness and, last but not least, the
finely modulated but always highly emotional acoustics
are what make this engine power plant of the very
highest order.
Innovative transmission for maximum performance
Engineers at Lamborghini have created the perfect mate
for the new twelve-cylinder engine with the ISR
(Independent Shifting Rods) transmission. The
development objective was clearly formulated – to build
not only the fastest robotized gearbox, but also to
create the world’s most emotional gear shift. Compared
with a dual-clutch transmission, not only is the ISR
gearbox much lighter, it also has smaller dimensions
than a conventional manual unit – both key elements in
the field of lightweight engineering for super sports
cars.
Refined and safe with all-wheel drive
The driver of the Aventador LP 700-4 can depend fully on
its permanent all-wheel drive – indicated by the 4 in
the model designation. In the driveline, an
electronically controlled Haldex coupling distributes
the forces between front and rear. In a matter of
milliseconds, this coupling adapts the force
distribution to match the dynamic situation. A
self-blocking rear differential together with a front
differential electronically controlled by ESP make for
even more dynamic handling. The Drive Select Mode System
enables the driver to choose vehicle characteristics
(engine, transmission, differential, steering and
dynamic control) from three settings – Strada (road),
Sport and Corsa (track) – to suit his individual
preferences.
Pushrod suspension
Lamborghini has equipped its new V12 super sports car
with an innovative and highly sophisticated suspension
concept. The pushrod spring and damper concept was
inspired by Formula 1 and tuned perfectly to meet the
needs of a high-performance road-going vehicle. Together
with aluminum double wishbone suspension and a
carbon-fiber ceramic brake system, this lightweight
chassis represents a further aspect of the new
flagship’s unique technology concept.
Extensive assistance and safety systems
In the hands of its driver, the Lamborghini Aventador LP
700-4 is a high-precision machine – spontaneous, direct
and always reliable. The driver is also assisted by the
latest electronic systems such as the incredibly sporty,
adjustable ESP system. When it comes to passive safety,
front, head-thorax and knee airbags play their part
alongside the extremely stiff carbon-fiber cell.
A rich and wide-ranging individualization program
There is a selection of 13 production paint colors to choose from, three
of which are highly sophisticated matt tones. A choice
of two-tone interiors are offered with the “Sportivo”
and “Elegante” versions, while a premium audio system
and reversing camera are among the many technology
options. And of course, the “Ad Personam”
individualization program knows no limits when it comes
to colors and materials.
2. The Design
Every Lamborghini is an avantgarde work of art, a
fast-moving technical sculpture. Every line, every
detail of a super sports car from Sant’Agata is derived
from its function – namely speed, dynamics, performance.
Every Lamborghini is a purist’s dream, reduced to its
very essence. With the new Aventador LP 700-4, the
designers at the Centro Stile Lamborghini in Sant’Agata
Bolognese have taken this committed philosophy to a
whole new level – its extreme, razor-sharp lines portray
a precision that is without parallel in automotive
design. And its clean, taut and expertly executed
surfaces demonstrate the exceptional competence and
depth of experience possessed by Lamborghini in
carbon-fiber body shell design. The surface of the roof
has a new geometry that provides greater spaciousness
for the passengers while at the same time giving relief
to the lines of the front section. This also addresses
the aim of obtaining a better aerodynamic coefficient,
continuing Lamborghini’s design philosophy of ‘form
follows function’. The engine cover utilizes the same
styling giving continuity to the concept.
Inspiration from aeronautics
For the further development of the Lamborghini design
language, designers pulled their inspiration from
another sphere dominated by speed and dynamics – from
modern aeronautics, from the world’s fastest and most
agile aircraft. This gave rise to a design of maximum
functionality and spectacular sharpness, an extremely
precise and highly technical design language with a new
kind of vitality. Powerfully defined lines and taut
surfaces create a fascinating interplay of light and
shade, endowing the car with tremendous visual movement.
The limited edition Reventón – a work of automotive art
– and the Sesto Elemento ‘technology demonstrator’ were
forerunners of this philosophy: the Aventador is the
first Lamborghini series production car embodying this
vision. The Aventador, of course, also follows the
mid-engine concept, with the vehicle weight concentrated
around the vertical axis to reduce inertia and optimize
dynamics. With the legendary Countach, Lamborghini was a
pioneer of mid-engine construction, its revolutionary
concept bringing racing technology to the road. The
design of the Aventador adds visual emphasis to the
mid-engine layout, with a look that concentrates its
power on the rear axle.
Aerodynamic efficiency is crucial
For such an extremely powerful automobile, the most
crucial task of the body shell design is aerodynamic
efficiency: the optimum airflow for absolute stability
at all speeds and, at the same time, optimum cooling for
the engine. On the Aventador, all aerodynamic elements
are integrated into the body shell form, from the front
spoiler to the rear diffuser. A key role is played by
the flat, optimized underbody. The rear spoiler is
deployable and controlled electronically. At rest, it
lies flush with the rear of the vehicle; in operation,
it has two positions – the approach angle of 4 degrees
is optimized for high speed and assists directional
stability at the very top end of the spectrum. The tilt
of 11 degrees, on the other hand, delivers considerably
greater downforce at mid-range speeds, helping to
optimize handling and stability. The car uses dynamic
parameters to calculate for itself the most appropriate
tilt angle.
Impressive proportions, mighty air intakes
The first striking impression of the Aventador focuses
on its proportions. At a length of 4.78 meters (188.19
in.), it is a truly impressive 2.26 meters (88.98 in.)
wide including exterior mirrors, but only 1,136 meters
(44.72 in.) high. The impression of width is further
emphasized by the widely spaced air intakes and headlamp
units. The Aventador’s low front takes on a distinct
arrow form, with the Lamborghini bull insignia gracing
both the point and the center line, which continues its
path along the entire length of the vehicle. The air
guides are powerfully profiled and further emphasized by
their glossy, black frames. The bi-xenon headlamps are
clustered with the LED units for daytime running lights
and indicators beneath hexagonal casings. The daytime
running light comes from LED light guides that wrap
around the main headlamp in a Y form. Seven further LEDs
provide the light source for the indicator.
Two strokes define the side line
The extremely long side view is dominated by the very
low roofline and by two sweeping strokes – the first
emphasizes the front wheel arch; the second, very
sharply drawn line begins at the front wheel arch and
runs like a tensed muscle along the entire side of the
car and over the rear wheel. The deeply recessed door
and the mighty sill bear further testimony to the
determined functionality of the Lamborghini design.
Ultimately, these forms serve only one purpose – to
deliver the maximum volume of cooling air to the mighty
V12 power plant. The large air intakes behind the
upward-opening doors are also enclosed in black plastic
frames and guarded by a fine mesh. The engine air intake
is located on the roof pillar, behind the third side
window. And when cooling requirements are particularly
high, additional air channels open up on the rear wheel
arches. The rear end, too, is dominated by openings
framed in black, where the hot air finds its exit. The
entire rear end is highly three-dimensional in its
design. The lower diffuser stands in powerful relief,
while the substantial format of the hexagonal tail pipe
symbolizes the concentrated potency of the engine. The
rear lights in LED technology reiterate the triple Y
motive already familiar from current Lamborghini models.
V12 as an object of technical beauty
Equally familiar is the transparent engine bonnet
(option), which adds a particularly attractive dimension
to the many emotional perspectives on the Aventador. The
twelve-cylinder power unit, with its mighty black intake
manifold, lies in all its technical glory beneath the
three cover panels. It is framed by diagonal
carbon-fiber struts and accompanied by the powerful
dampers from the pushrod suspensions. The design
philosophy continues into the surprisingly roomy
interior. The cockpit is upholstered entirely in fine
leather and also takes on a subtle arrow form. The
controls are logically grouped on the broad center
console. Here, too, the inspiration derived from
aviation is immediately apparent – as in modern
aircraft, the instruments are presented on a TFT-LCD
screen. At the center of the display is a large dial –
at the touch of a button, the driver can choose whether
he would rather see the road speed read-out or the
engine speed. Further information ranging from fuel
level to the output from the on-board computer is
grouped in fields surrounding the large dial.
The operating system
The most important switch is hidden beneath a red switch
cover – the start button, which instantly fires the
high-performance engine into life. A second, seven-inch
TFT-LCD screen in the center console belongs to the
integrated multimedia system. Beneath it is the familiar
array of Lamborghini toggle switches for operating
functions such as the electric windows or the front axle
lifting system, as well as the controls for the air
conditioning. The Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4 offers
a state-of-the-art and comprehensive lineup of
electronic vehicle, entertainment and communication
systems. These functions are operated in a clear and
intuitive manner via the Human-Machine Interface (HMI)
on the center console, featuring a large push/turn
control and eight function keys.
3. The carbon-fiber monocoque of the Lamborghini
Aventador
Lamborghini is heading into the future with a systematic
lightweight design concept – the intensive application
of carbon-fiber materials forms the key foundation for
the extreme dynamics of the new Aventador LP 700-4. The
new flagship is based on a full monocoque construction
made with these innovative materials – conceived and
produced entirely by Automobili Lamborghini in
Sant’Agata Bolognese. This development sees Lamborghini
once again demonstrate its worldwide leading expertise
in carbon-fiber technology. The super sports car brand
from Sant’Agata Bolognese is the only automaker to have
fully mastered the extensive CFRP process across a range
of technologies in-house – from 3D design, through
simulation, test, production and validation using
state-of-the-art industrial processes to the very
highest quality standards. With the Aventador,
Lamborghini is putting its innovative, in-house
developed and patented technologies into series
production for the first time.
The cell of the future Lamborghini flagship super sports
car is made entirely from carbon fiber and has been
designed as a monocoque structure. The load-bearing
structure of the vehicle is engineered as a “single
shell” that functions physically as one component, thus
taking full advantage of the extreme rigidity of CFRP.
Formula 1 race cars have been built using CFRP
monocoques for many years – and have proven their crash
worthiness time and again. The same applies to
road-going sports cars featuring monocoque technology –
the carbon fiber occupant cell functions like an
extremely safe roll cage.
Construction offers many advantages
Of course, the term “single shell” applies only in the
descriptive sense – the new Lamborghini monocoque is
made from a series of individual parts with specific
functions and technologies, such as stiffening elements
made from Braiding technology, that is one of the best
technology to manage energy adsorption in case of crash.
After the curing process, however, this structure
functions as a single component – including the base
section known as the tub and the complete roof. The full
monocoque solution offers advantages which other
processes, like a tub where a metal roof structure is
attached in a conventional manner, cannot realize.
That’s why Lamborghini made the no compromise choice of
the full monocoque, which weighs only 147.5 kilograms
(324.5 lbs).
Extremely rigid construction
Superior passive safety is only one benefit of the
extreme rigidity of a full carbon fiber monocoque - very
high torsional rigidity is another. The monocoque is
connected at the front and rear with equally rigid
aluminum sub-frames, on which the suspension, engine and
transmission are mounted. The entire body-in-white of
the future V12 model weighs only 229.5 kilograms (505
lbs) and boasts phenomenal torsional rigidity of 35,000
Newton meters per degree of twist. This guarantees a
superb feeling of solidity, but, more importantly,
extremely exact wheel control with excellent steering
precision and sensitive feedback. For the dedicated
driver, both are essential for truly enticing driving
pleasure. The new Lamborghini flagship responds to the
most minute steering input with the stunning precision
of a perfectly balanced race car.
Depending on the form, function and requirements of the
individual elements, the Lamborghini development team
selected from three main CFRP manufacturing methods
within its technology tool kit. They differ not only in
their production processes, but also in the type of
carbon fiber and its weave and, most importantly, in the
chemical composition of the synthetic resin used.
Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM): In this process the
carbon fiber mats are preformed and impregnated with an
exact amount of resin. Afterwards, they are cured under
heat while the part is in the mould. Lamborghini has
achieved a major breakthrough by further developing this
method. Using the patented “RTM-Lambo” process, the
final mould is no longer a heavy, complex metal piece,
but is made instead from lightweight carbon-fiber parts,
thus making the manufacturing process faster, more
flexible and more efficient. An additional benefit of
the RTM-Lambo process is the low injection pressure that
doesn’t require expensive equipment.
Prepreg – The carbon fiber mats used in this method,
commonly known as prepreg, are pre-injected by the
supplier with a thermosetting liquid resin and must be
stored at a low temperature. The mats are then laminated
in molds and cured under heat and pressure in an
autoclave. Prepreg components are complex to make, but
have an extremely high-quality surface finish (Class-A
surface quality) and are therefore the preferred option
for use in visible locations.
Braiding – These components are manufactured by using
RTM technology. This carbon fiber weave technology is
derived from the textile industry and used to make
tubular components for special applications such as
structural roof pillars and rocker panels. The woven
components are made by diagonally interweaving the fiber
in several layers.
The monocoque of the new V12 super sports car is
constructed using these technologies applied in a series
of special processes. One significant advancement
Lamborghini realized is the ability to use
already-assembled monocoque elements as the mould for
the next step in the process. This makes for a
considerable simplification of the manufacturing process
compared with conventional methods.
Epoxy foam components are also used within the
monocoque. They are placed in strategic points to
increase the stiffness of the monocoque by working as
spacers between the composite layers while also
dampening noise and vibration. In addition, aluminum
inserts are laminated into the front and rear surfaces
to facilitate connection with the aluminum front and
rear sub-frame elements. Because of the complexity of
the materials and process outlined above, Lamborghini
decided to produce its new monocoque completely
in-house, managing one strategic step in the production
process.
Quality control is an absolutely crucial factor – every
single monocoque is measured to exacting tolerances of
only 0.1 millimeters, facilitating the extreme precision
of the overall vehicle. Quality control starts with the
purchase of the carbon fiber parts. Every delivery of
carbon fiber is certified and the material is checked
regularly for compliance with quality standards.
Lamborghini worked together with its suppliers to
develop a world-exclusive fiber and resin system for its
RTM technology. Ultimately, these materials and
processes constitute an important part of Lamborghini’s
worldwide leading expertise in the field.
Carbon composite materials - A key technology for
tomorrow’s high-performance automotive engineering
These materials made from CFRP combine the lowest
possible weight with excellent material characteristics
– they are very light, extremely rigid and exceptionally
precise. Furthermore, CFRP materials can also be formed
into highly complex components with integrated
functions. This reduces the number of individual parts
when compared to traditional metal construction – thus
enabling further weight reduction. Lighter cars have
lower fuel consumption and fewer CO2 emissions. Most
significantly, however, it improves the power-to-weight
ratio – the deciding factor in the overall feel and
performance of a sports car. A super sports car built
using CFRP accelerates faster, has superior handling and
better braking.
4. The new V12 power unit – the heart of the
Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4
The twelve-cylinder is the king of the engine world and
the true heart of the Lamborghini brand. The very first
model created by Feruccio Lamborghini, the 350 GT, made
its appearance in 1964 featuring a twelve-cylinder
engine that was incredibly innovative for its day. 3.5
liter displacement and 320 hp were the vital statistics
back then – they formed the basis for ongoing increases
and further development over the decades that followed.
Miura, Espada, Countach, Diablo and, finally, Murciélago
are just a few of the super sports cars born in
Sant’Agata. All of them were, and will continue to be,
driven by V12 engines – and all have long since risen to
the status of automotive legend.
Now the next milestone in this glorious history appears
– engineers in the Lamborghini R&D Department have
developed a completely new high-performance power unit.
That it would be another twelve-cylinder was never in
doubt - and not only because of the special magic
conjured up by the number twelve. The only real choice
for Lamborghini is a high-revving naturally aspirated
engine – the deeply reflexive and exceptionally powerful
reaction of the automobile to the tiniest movement of
the driver’s right foot is, of course, a key part of the
whole fascination inspired by a super sports car. Ten
cylinders are ideal in the displacement class around the
five liter mark, as evidenced by the highly acclaimed
Gallardo engine. For the 6.5 liter displacement targeted
in this case, the perfect number is twelve. A lower
number of cylinders would result in larger and heavier
pistons and con-rods, which would have a negative impact
on the engine’s high-revving characteristics.
Starting with a clean sheet of paper
The specification for the development of the new
twelve-cylinder, known internally as the L539, was
written quickly – yet was highly demanding in its
formulation. Naturally, it had to deliver more power and
torque than its predecessor in the Murciélago, but it
should also be smaller and lighter and enable a lower
center of gravity. At the end of the day, low weight is
just as important to the performance of a super sports
car as high power output. Fuel consumption and gas
emissions should also be reduced significantly.
So the R&D team started with a clean sheet of paper –
metaphorically speaking, of course. Design and
development in Sant’Agata is conducted using
state-of-the-art systems and equipment. The outcome is a
V12 with a classic cylinder bank angle of 60 degrees,
and thus an amazingly compact power package – the power
unit measures only 665 millimeters from top to bottom,
including the intake system. Its width, including the
exhaust manifold, is only 848 millimeters, while its
length is a mere 784 millimeters. Its weight of 235
kilograms is also respectably low – each kilogram of
engine weight corresponds to 3.0 HP maximum output.
Optimized for high revving and low weight
The crankcase on the new power plant is made from an
aluminum-silicon alloy and has an open-deck construction
with steel cylinder liners. Displacement is 6,498 cm3
and cylinder spacing 103.5 millimeters, while bore
diameter measures 95 millimeters and stroke 76.4
millimeters. The short-stroke layout is especially good
for high-revving characteristics and for low internal
friction. Particular attention was also paid to the
bearings for the forged and nitride-hardened crankshaft,
which weighs in at 24.6 kilograms. The two four-valve
cylinder heads are likewise made from sand-cast
aluminum-silicon alloy, each weighing a very light 21
kilograms. The twelve pistons and con-rods are,
respectively, in forged alloy and steel. The maximum
piston speed at 8,250 rpm is only 21 meters per second,
which is considerably less than for the Murciélago’s
previous power unit. The combustion chambers were
carefully engineered to achieve optimum tumble and
combustion of the fuel/air mixture. At 11.8:1, the
compression ratio is extremely high. Inlet and outlet
valve timing is electronically controlled.
Sophisticated thermal management, optimized oil
circulation
The thermal management of this high-performance power
unit was perfected with extensive detail engineering.
Two switchable water circuits in the engine ensure very
rapid warm-up, which minimizes friction and quickly
brings the catalytic converters up to operating
temperature, thus benefiting fuel consumption and
emissions. The external water coolers are switched into
the circuit only as required. Absolute engine health,
even under extreme racetrack conditions with high
lateral acceleration, is guaranteed by oil circulation
using a dry sump system. A total of eight scavenger
pumps suck oil out of the lower bedplate fastened to the
crankcase. Pressure and scavenging losses are thus
reduced by around 50 percent. A high-pressure oil pump
maintains lubrication, while an oil/water cooler and an
oil/air radiator constantly keep temperatures within
range even under extremely high load. A further benefit
of this form of dry sump lubrication is the very low
mounting position of the engine within the sports car.
The new engine is mounted 60 millimeters lower than the
V12 in the Murciélago – with the associated benefits in
respect of center of gravity and lateral dynamics. From
the outside, the V12 is dominated by its intake system –
which incorporates four individual throttle valves. Life
inside the black housing is also extremely complex – the
optimum intake path for any given load and engine speed
is facilitated by two flaps, several channels and one
bypass. The payback is an extremely well-rounded torque
curve and refined pulling power throughout the rev
range.
Mighty orchestra for twelve voices
The exhaust system, too, was afforded the undivided
attention of Lamborghini’s engineers – the lowest
possible gas emissions was just as important a target as
the unmistakable, spine-tingling Lamborghini sound. The
hydro-formed and thermally insulated three-into-one
system incorporates four pre-catalytic converters close
to the engine and two main catalytic converters shortly
before the muffler. The casing incorporates two separate
mufflers – one low-volume, one high-volume. Regulated by
valves controlled via the engine management, they handle
all the elements of the big twelve-cylinder symphony –
from a moderate rumble when rolling through the city at
low revs to the screaming crescendo of maxed-out gear
shifts.
Electronics devised entirely by Lamborghini
Another highlight is the electronic engine management,
which was developed in its entirety by engineers at
Lamborghini. The system consists of the main ECU, a
secondary “smart actuators” and two additional black
boxes that function as “smart sensors”. Because speed is
everything for an engine like this, some ECU control and
connection functions are handled by the smart actuators,
making the ECU faster. The two smart sensors are
constantly monitoring combustion in real time – each
ignition in every cylinder. The spark plugs – each is
powered by an individual ignition coil – function as
“sensors”; the two auxiliary control units monitor the
power signal after every ignition and can immediately
identify irregularities in the combustion process
through ionization phenomena. This data is used to
continually optimize engine management, benefiting both
performance and fuel consumption.
High performance in every dimension
All these technical highlights come together to create a
high-performance power unit like no other. The maximum
output of 515 kW (700 hp) at 8,250 rpm is an impressive
statement in itself. The maximum torque is 690 Newton
meters and is available at 5,500 r/min. The extremely
generous torque curve, meaty pulling power in every
situation, extremely reflexive responses and, not least,
the finely modulated but always highly emotional
acoustics make the L539 a stunning power unit for a
super sports car of the highest order. And not only was
the L539 developed entirely in-house at Lamborghini, it
is also built from start to finish at company
headquarters in Sant’Agata Bolognese. Highly qualified
specialists assemble the engines by hand, with every
single unit undergoing an extensive final testing and
detailed calibration program on an engine test bed.
The new Lamborghini ISR transmission (ISR:
Independent Shifting Rods) - Innovative servo-actuated
mechanical gearbox for maximum performance
However, it is not the engine alone that defines the
character and driving characteristics of a super sports
car. Another key element is the transmission. The
demands are clear – the ratios must be perfectly arrayed
and enable optimum power delivery from the engine. For
maximum vehicle performance, shift times should be less
than the blink of an eye. Operation must be clear and
straightforward, via two ergonomic shift paddles behind
the steering wheel. The characteristics of the
transmission must be in line with the wishes of the
driver at any given point – from smooth city cruising
through to tough action on the racetrack. And, not
least, Lamborghini customers expect an emotional shift
feeling that ensures the sports car’s reactions can
always be felt and understood. Thus, the development
objective was clearly formulated in this respect, too –
create the world’s most emotional gear shift. For all
these reasons, the engineers in the R&D Department opted
for a robotized gearbox as the “companion” of the new
V12 power unit – however, in a very special iteration:
the Lamborghini ISR transmission. This important part of
the powertrain is not only much lighter in comparison to
a dual clutch transmission, it also has the compact
dimensions of a regular manual gearbox. Both weight and
size advantages are key in the process of building super
sports cars.
Unique engineering for super sports cars
The new unit is laid out as a two-shaft transmission
with seven forward gears and one reverse. For especially
high durability, the synchronizing rings are made from
carbon-fiber – a material with which Lamborghini has
enormous experience. The short shift times are
facilitated by the special design of the transmission,
known as ISR – Independent Shifting Rod. To summarize
the principle – in a conventional manual gearbox, be it
automated or fully manual, the gear wheels for, say,
second and third gears are located side by side. When
the driver wants to shift gear, the shifting sleeve with
synchronizer unit is moved along the shifting rod from
second gear through neutral to third gear. This requires
twice the distance and twice the time – second gear has
to be disengaged before third gear can be engaged.
Short distances, fast shift times
This process is significantly shortened in the
Lamborghini ISR transmission – the gear wheels from the
second and third gears are separate from each other and
the shifting sleeves are actuated by independent
shifting rods. Now the shifting process can run
virtually in parallel – while one shifting rod is
disengaging one gear, the second shifting rod can
already engage the next gear. Because these movements
partially overlap and the mechanical distances are
considerably shorter, this facilitates a significant
saving in shift time. Overall, the Lamborghini ISR
transmission shifts around 140 percent faster than the
e.gear transmission in the Gallardo. And that is already
one of the world’s fastest automated manual gearboxes.
Compact construction, low weight
The new transmission has four of these independent
shifting rods, with sensors constantly monitoring their
exact positions. They are operated via hydraulic
actuators, with an extremely high system pressure of 60
bar ensuring the necessary operating speed. The system
incorporates a total of seven hydraulic valves, with
pressure supplied by an electric pump. The double-plate
clutch is also hydraulically actuated. All system
components are contained within one casing. The total
weight of the transmission is only 70 kilograms – a
distinct advantage, especially compared with the
significantly heavier seven-gear dual-clutch
transmissions.
Five operating modes for all situations
Lamborghini drivers can choose between five operating
modes: three manual (Strada, Sport and Corsa) and two
automatic (Strada-auto and Sport-auto). The Strada mode
offers highly comfort-oriented shifting, with
fully-automatic also an option. The Sport mode has a
dynamic set-up in terms of shifting points and times,
while the Corsa mode delivers the maximum shift strategy
for race track driving. This mode also includes Launch
Control, the automatic function for maximum acceleration
from a standing start. With the Lamborghini ISR
transmission, engineers working under the sign of the
bull have devised an ingenious mate for the new
twelve-cylinder power unit. Their work has created an
overall powertrain that is absolutely unique in the
world of super sports cars.
Integrated electronic control system
The excellent performances are possible only by a fast
communication architecture through the several
powertrain ECU’s and considering the powertrain as
ONE-system in the car. The fully electronic controlled
coupling device for the front wheels (the ‘old’ viscous
coupling) is another key point of the powertrain: it is
able to continuously distribute the right torque to the
front wheels for always attaining the best performance
aspired to by the driver. The torque distribution to the
front wheels can vary continuously from 0% to 60% of the
total torque available.
5. Pushrod suspensions and steering
The new Lamborghini V12 super sports car features an
innovative and highly sophisticated suspension concept.
The pushrod spring and damper concept was inspired by
Formula 1 and tuned perfectly to meet the needs of a
high-performance road-going vehicle. Together with
aluminium double wishbone suspensions and a carbon
ceramic brake system, this lightweight chassis is
another element of the unique technology concept in
Lamborghini’s new flagship model. An extremely precise,
indeed razor-sharp, driving feel accurately describes
the soul of the newest and most powerful super sports
car ever to bear the sign of the bull. This includes a
steering system that can think its way through a bend
adhering to the perfect line, a suspension that masters
the ideal balance between race-car feel for the road and
plenty of comfort for ramping up the miles, and lateral
stability that ensures absolute safety even at the very
highest speeds.
Pushrod suspension derived from motorsport
With its phenomenal engine output of 515 kW / 700 hp and
its comparatively low vehicle weight, the new V12 super
sports car from Lamborghini blasts its way to the very
highest speeds. The most important characteristic of the
new suspension is its design in line with the pushrod
principle – inspired by Formula 1. The spring/damper
elements are not located on the wheel mounts, but
connected inboard to the body shell structure. They are
transversely positioned: under the windscreen in the
front and close to the engine in the rear. Pushrods and
relay levers / rockers transmit the forces from the
wheel mounts to the spring/damper elements.
Responsive handling characteristics at all speeds
This solution offers a whole series of impressive
benefits: due to the combination of the double wishbone
and pushrod arrangement, wheel control and damper remain
separate from each other. As a result, handling is more
responsive and easier to manage at all speeds, while
rigid connection to the chassis also improves the
precise and spontaneous reaction of the springs and
dampers. As a result, spring stiffness can be notched
back a little – comfort increases, while precision
remains. On the front axle, the shock absorbers are
equipped with a hydraulic lifting system, which enables
the front end of the super sports car to be lifted by 40
millimeters at the touch of a button, simplifying its
ability to negotiate minor obstacles.
Systematic lightweight engineering in aluminum and
carbon fiber
Aluminium and carbon fiber are also the most important
lightweight engineering materials on the chassis. The
entire suspension system, including upper and lower
control arms, wheel mounts and relay levers are made
from forged aluminium alloy. The large-diameter discs on
the high-performance brake system, on the other hand,
are made from lightweight and extremely hard-wearing
carbon ceramic composite material. On the front axle,
the ventilated discs measure no less than 400
millimeters in diameter, with braking force delivered
via six cylinder calipers. On the rear axle, 380
millimeter diameter discs are used in combination with
four cylinder calipers. The parking brake on the new
Lamborghini top model is electrically powered.
Steering forms the sensitive connection between
driver and automobile
The hydraulic steering on the Lamborghini V12 forms the
highly sensitive connection between the driver and the
super sports car, which runs on 19-inch wheels clad on
255/35 tires at the front and 20-inch rims on 335/30
tires at the rear. Steering Gear foresees 3 different
servotronic characteristics managed by drive select
mode.
6. Equipment and Options
The new Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4 offers the most
up-to-date, comprehensive and individualistic technology
and equipment package ever realized in a super sports
car. From the dynamics through safety to communication
and entertainment, the Aventador fulfills every
imaginable desire of the most demanding sports car fan.
The wide range of exterior and interior colors and
variants is perfect for individualization and, of
course, “Ad Personam” is also available for the
Aventador for the ultimate in personalization – where
the only limits set are those of the imagination. The
standard package of electronic systems includes ABS,
electronic brake distribution, anti-slip control,
speed-dependent servo-tronic steering, hill start assist
and, of course, ESP stability control. The rear spoiler
and the side air intakes are electronically controlled.
The Drive Select System enables vehicle characteristics
(engine, transmission, differential, stability control,
steering) to be set in accordance with individual driver
preferences in one of three modes – Strada (road), Sport
and Corsa (track).
Latest Generation HMI control
The cockpit with TFT-LCD display also comes as standard,
as does the multimedia HMI system with Navigation,
including traffic data, iPod connection and Bluetooth.
The automatic climate control functions with a sunlight
sensor, with further sensors controlling the automatic
headlights. The bi-xenon headlamps come with daytime
running lights and rear lights in LED technology. The
five-spoke alloy wheels are clad in Pirelli P Zero tires
and feature tire pressure monitoring, while the brake
system is equipped with carbon-ceramic rotors and black
brake calipers. Safety equipment includes six front,
thorax, head and knee airbags.
Wide range of individualization options
Options include features such as the transparent engine
cover, black painted wheels and brake calipers in
yellow, gray or orange. The standard audio system can be
upgraded to the “High-End Lamborghini Sound System” with
premium speakers featuring neodymium technology and 4 x
135 watt amplifiers. Park assistance systems include
proximity sensors front and rear, as well as a reversing
camera. A range of 13 colors are available at launch, in
pastel metallic, pearlescent or matt finishes. These
include the new shades Grigio Estoque and Arancio Argos.
Three colors are available in specialized and highly
sophisticated matt finishes as AD Personam– Nero
Nemesis, Bianco Canopus and Marrone Apus.
The full leather single-color interior is available in
either Nero Alde (black) or in Marrone Elpis, a warm
brown shade. The contrasting stitching can be ordered in
a range of colors. The two-tone leather interiors are
offered in two style lines. For Bicolor Sportivo, the
base color is black, with the contrast in orange, white,
yellow or green, while Bicolor Elegante presents a
harmonious blend of brown tones. A virtually
inexhaustible array of variants is also offered by the
Ad Personam individualization program.
The price of the Lamborghini Aventador and market
delivery: UK: GBP 201,900.00 (suggested retail price
taxes excluded); Europe: € 255,000 (suggested retail
price taxes excluded); USA: 379,700 USD (suggested
retail price – GGT included); China: RMB 6,270,000.00
(suggested retail price taxes included); Japan: YEN
39.690.000,00 (suggested retail price taxes included).
The first customers will take delivery of the new
Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4 in late summer 2011.
